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The US has a long history of asserting its authority beyond its borders, with its law affecting persons, property, and acts worldwide. The extraterritorial reach of US law is based on statutes, regulations, and litigation in domestic courts. The US has used unilateral sanctions to pursue its foreign policy and national security objectives, often sparking conflicts with other nations. A recent example is the US withdrawal from the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA) with Iran, which led to the re-imposition of nuclear-related sanctions. European companies have been forced to withdraw from the Iranian market due to the threat of US sanctions, revealing that they are effectively regulated by Washington, DC. European policymakers have tried to counter this by updating the blocking statute, facilitating loans for private investment in Iran, and setting up a payment mechanism independent from the US dollar, but their efforts have been largely ineffective. The only way to curb the extraterritorial application of US jurisdiction is through domestic courts, which can challenge the executive branch's enforcement of US law abroad.