Baseline Methodology For Bus Rapid Transit Projects: Revision And Definitions.pdf

Scope: Urban road-based public transport replacement or expansion.

Key Definitions:

Mass Rapid Transit Systems (MRTS): High-performance urban passenger services including subways, light rail transit (LRT), and dedicated bus systems.
Bus Rapid Transit (BRT): A collective urban transit service using dedicated bus lanes that operates at high efficiency.
Dedicated Bus Lane: A segregated lane for BRT buses, with restrictions on private vehicle access.

Applicability Criteria:

The methodology applies to projects meeting the following conditions:

Replacing existing public transport capacity (e.g., through scrapping or permit restrictions) with a BRT system.
Local regulations permitting BRT development.
Use of any fuel (including biofuels) and electricity in BRT vehicles.
Road-based BRT system replacing another road- or rail-based public transport option.
Partial or complete replacement of traditional public transport within an existing urban area.

Baseline Estimation:

The methodology leverages existing tools and approaches:

Tool for Demonstrating Additionality: Assesses whether the project would not have occurred without CDM funding.
Emission Calculation Tool: Estimates project, baseline, and leakage emissions from electricity consumption.

Emission Reductions Attributable to BRT:

The methodology recognizes several potential emission reduction mechanisms:

Improved Fuel Efficiency: Newer, larger BRT buses are more fuel-efficient than older models.
Mode Switching: BRT's efficiency and attractiveness may encourage passengers to switch from private vehicles to public transport.
Increased Load Factor: Centralized dispatch improves vehicle utilization.
Fuel Switch (Potentially): BRT could facilitate a transition to lower-carbon fuels like biofuels.

Rebound Effect Consideration:

The document acknowledges the potential for a "rebound effect" – increased travel due to improved BRT service leading to higher overall emissions. It emphasizes the importance of analyzing baseline scenarios to account for this possibility.