Byproduct.pdf

The USGA greens specification and use of pure sand topdressing in sports turf rootzones means that the microbiology in these systems lacks the necessary food and substrate to survive, requiring the addition of biostimulants. Biostimulants enhance plant and microbial growth, improve nutrient efficiency, and can improve soil structure and disease resistance. The main biostimulants available include humus, humic and fulvic acid, chitin, seaweed extracts, and amino acids, each with unique benefits and effects on plant and microbial growth. Humic and fulvic acids improve soil structure and nutrient retention, while chitin promotes fungal growth and disease resistance. Seaweed extracts act as a microbial food source, and amino acids are the building blocks of protein, which can be beneficial for plant growth.