出口设备.pdf

The US has revised its export control system to regulate dual-use exports, particularly to China, due to concerns about China's pursuit of advanced technologies through US commercial ties. China's industrial policies, such as Made in China 2025, aim to create competitive advantages in strategic industries by obtaining technology from US and foreign firms. The US Export Control Reform Act of 2018 reestablished authority for the President to control dual-use exports, and the Bureau of Industry and Security (BIS) administers these controls through the Export Administration Regulations (EAR). The US government only controls or restricts a small percentage of US technology exports to China, with an estimated 18.1% of $124.6 billion in US exports to China in 2020 involving dual-use technologies on the Commerce Control List (CCL) and subject to controls. BIS has increased use of the Entity List (EL) to restrict dual-use trade with China, but licensing guidance appears to facilitate the export of some US technology and CCL items to PRC firms on the EL.