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In 2005, Putin's regime evolved from "managed democracy" to "sovereign democracy," characterized by increased control over political parties, civil society, and media, and the appointment of governors instead of direct election. Sovereign democracy prioritizes sovereignty over democracy and rejects Western standards. Managed democracy is a complex system that allows authorities to maintain control while preserving a democratic facade, with features including a strong presidential system, state-controlled media, and manipulated elections. The system is unstable and prone to authoritarianism, with declining voter turnout and increasing voter protest. The abolition of gubernatorial elections has turned Russia into a unitary state, decreasing regional autonomy and democratic processes. Civil society is also affected, with constrained civil space and limited social services.