Helped Trigger.pdf

The United Nations Security Council passed Resolution 1483 on May 22, 2003, ending over a decade of comprehensive sanctions against Iraq. The use of economic sanctions as a foreign policy tool has been debated since US President Woodrow Wilson introduced the concept in response to World War I. Sanctions have been used in 174 cases since World War I, with varying degrees of success. A study analyzing these cases aims to identify circumstances in which economic sanctions are most likely to contribute to achieving foreign policy goals, examining the record of sanctions, factors that improve their chances of success, costs to target and sender countries, and lessons for future policymakers. The study uses a case study approach, with 14 variables across 204 episodes, creating a detailed dataset on the global use of sanctions. Economic sanctions are defined as the deliberate withdrawal or threat of withdrawal of customary trade or financial relations, and foreign policy goals are defined as changes sought in the target state's political behavior.