Work/Family Reforms.pdf

The 'free choice' work/family reforms in France and Belgium, introduced since the mid-1980s, have been evaluated for their impact on female labor market participation (FLMP) rates. The reforms included two long leave schemes and measures to support childcare at home. Despite being presented as promoting 'free choice' for women, scholars argue that these policies have reinforced the male bread-winner model, discouraging female economic activity.

Using the synthetic control method, the study estimates the effects of these policies on FLMP rates in France and Belgium. The results suggest that if these countries had not implemented these policies, their FLMP rates would be higher than those actually measured. The study finds that the policies have had a negative impact on FLMP rates, contradicting the intended goal of promoting 'free choice' for women.

The policies introduced during this period include the expansion of parental leave and the introduction of measures to support childcare at home. The study argues that these policies may affect FLMP rates by reducing the incentive for women to participate in the labor market. The results of the study have implications for policymakers, suggesting that alternative policies may be needed to promote FLMP rates and support work-family balance.

Key findings include:

The 'free choice' work/family reforms in France and Belgium have had a negative impact on FLMP rates.
The policies have reinforced the male bread-winner model, discouraging female economic activity.
The synthetic control method estimates that FLMP rates would be higher if these policies had not been implemented.
Alternative policies may be needed to promote FLMP rates and support work-family balance.

Overall, the study provides evidence that the 'free choice' work/family reforms in France and Belgium have had unintended consequences, highlighting the need for policymakers to re-evaluate their approach to supporting work-family balance and promoting FLMP rates.