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Robert H. Bates and Da-Hsiang Donald Lien's paper explores the relationship between economic actors and revenue-seeking governments, proposing a model that predicts the allocation of new tax burdens and patterns of control over public policy. The model is motivated by the history of the rise of parliaments in Western Europe and is extended to urban and developmental politics, employing neo-classical economics to explore themes developed in Marxist writings. The paper suggests that specific fractions of the private sector can gain control over public policy given a need for revenues and characterizes the factors that yield differences in the ability of economic agents to employ the market to defect from the tax-levying state, providing insight into the origins and limitations of political democracy.