Infertilidade.pdf

Infertility is a disease of the male or female reproductive system defined by the failure to achieve a pregnancy after 12 months or more of regular unprotected sexual intercourse, affecting millions worldwide. Causes of infertility in females include tubal disorders, uterine disorders, ovarian disorders, and endocrine system disorders, while in males, causes include obstruction of the reproductive tract, hormonal disorders, testicular failure, and abnormal sperm function. Environmental and lifestyle factors such as smoking, excessive alcohol intake, and obesity can also affect fertility. Addressing infertility is important as it negates the realization of essential human rights, including the right to found a family, and can mitigate gender inequality and social impacts on infertile couples. Challenges in addressing infertility include availability, access, and quality of interventions, lack of trained personnel, and high costs of treatment, which can be mitigated by government policies that recognize infertility as a preventable disease and incorporate fertility awareness and healthy lifestyles into national programs.