FIRST DRAFT.pdf

- Advances and Concerns: DNA profiling is a powerful tool for policing, aiding in convicting criminals and exonerating the innocent. However, indefinite storage of tissue samples, computerised DNA profiles, and personal data raises privacy and human rights concerns.

- Global Trends: Forensic DNA databases are expanding globally, with some countries including non-convicted individuals and minor offenders, while others propose universal DNA databasing. International data-sharing is also increasing.

- DNA's Uniqueness and Usefulness: DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) is a unique genetic code within each individual, except for identical twins. It can be used to identify relatives due to shared segments. Unlike fingerprints, DNA can be left at crime scenes and is useful in tracking individuals.

- DNA Profiling Process: Police collect biological samples from crime scenes or suspects, which are sent to labs for analysis. The lab extracts, amplifies, and creates a DNA profile based on specific 'short tandem repeats' (STRs) and sex determination.

- Implications for Privacy and Rights:

- Privacy Invasion: Indefinite storage of DNA data can lead to surveillance and potential misuse.
- Risk Populations: Expanding databases label certain individuals as "risky" based on arrests, not guilt.
- Misuse Potential: Access to DNA profiles could enable tracking or discrimination against individuals and their families.

- Safeguards Needed: Safeguards should be developed with public input to protect privacy and prevent miscarriages of justice.

- Impacts on Vulnerable Groups: Children, ethnic minorities, and other vulnerable populations may face disproportionate risks from DNA databasing.