Arctic Warming 1919 To 1939.pdf

The article discusses the significant warming that occurred in the Arctic region between 1918 and 1939, specifically focusing on Spitsbergen as a case study. Key points include:

- Spitsbergen's Unique Location: Spitsbergen is situated in a unique geographical position surrounded by large water bodies (Norwegian/Greenland Sea, Arctic Ocean, Barents Sea) which influences its climate. Its proximity to the edge of sea ice also contributes to its distinct climatology.

- Historical Temperature Records: Spitsbergen has one of the longest continuous temperature data series, beginning in 1912, allowing for detailed analysis of the warming trend. This data shows a rapid increase in winter temperatures starting around 1917-1922.

- Comparative Analysis: The warming in Spitsbergen is compared to other parts of Norway and Europe, revealing that the Arctic region experienced a much greater temperature rise (about five times) than the rest of Norway.

- Lack of Data: Solid data from the polar region during this period is limited, relying mainly on expedition records and secondary observations. More recent data from NASA/GISS provides additional insights into ocean ecosystem changes, linked to warmer water temperatures.

- Climate Research Implications: The unique location of Spitsbergen offers valuable insights into Arctic climate dynamics. The absence of direct solar influence during winter for several months simplifies climate research significantly.

- Warming Events: The 20th century witnessed two pronounced warming events in the Arctic, linked to sea ice variability. The early 20th-century warming was attributed to natural internal climate system variability, while the recent warming is distinct and likely influenced by anthropogenic greenhouse gases.