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Cadmium Compounds: Health And Environmental Hazards.pdf

cadmium-compounds.pdf
Preview of Cadmium Compounds: Health and Environmental Hazards
🔗 Source: epa.gov
📊 Size: 108 KB
📄 Pages: 5 pages
⬇️ Downloads: 183

Summary

Main air sources are fossil fuel burning and waste incineration. Food (for nonsmokers) and smoking are primary exposure routes.
- Health Effects:
- Acute (Short-term): Inhalation causes lung irritation; high levels can lead to long-lasting lung function impairment.
- Chronic (Long-term): Inhalation/oral exposure builds up cadmium in kidneys, causing kidney disease. Other effects include lung damage (bronchiolitis, emphysema) and impacts on various organs in animals.
- Reproductive/Developmental: Limited human evidence; animal studies show fetal malformations and developmental issues.
- Cancer: Inconclusive human studies; animal studies show lung cancer from inhalation. EPA classifies cadmium as a probable human carcinogen (Group B1).
- Exposure Limits: EPA's RfD for oral exposure is 0.0005 mg/kg/d (drinking water) and 0.001 mg/kg/d (dietary). CalEPA's reference exposure level is 0.00001 mg/m³.
- Cancer Risk Estimate: EPA's inhalation unit risk estimate is 1.8 × 10^-3 (µg/m³)^-1.
- Physical Properties: Cadmium is a soft, silver-white metal; compounds vary in water solubility. Atomic weight is 112.41 g/mol.

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Description

Cadmium compounds primarily enter air via fossil fuel and waste incineration. Acute inhalation causes lung irritation; chronic exposure leads to kidney disease. Cadmium is a suspected human carcinogen, linked to lung cancer in animal studies.

Technical Information

  • File Format: PDF
  • File Size: 108 KB
  • Pages: 5
  • Language: EN
  • Total Downloads: 183
  • Last Updated: 1 week ago

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