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Naphthalene
DB-44
Other names
Naphthalin
CAS No.
91-20-3
PRTR No.
-
Chemical Substance Control Law No.
4-311
Molecular formula
C10H8
Molecular weight
128.17
Boiling point
217.9°C
Melting point
80.2°C
Vapor pressure
0.085 mmHg (25°C)
Conversion factor
1 ppm = 5.24 mg/m3 (25°C)
Partition coefficient (log Pow)
3.30 (measured value)
Water solubility
31 mg/L (25°C)
Acute toxicity
Species
Route
LD50, etc.
Mouse
Oral
316 mg/kg
Rat
Oral
490 mg/kg
Rat
Inhalation
LC50
> 340 mg/m3 (1hr)
Subacute and subchronic toxicity
In a 13-week oral toxicity study in rats, the NOAEL was 100 mg/kg/day.
In a 90-day oral toxicity study in mice, the LOAEL was 5.3 mg/kg/day.
In a 2-year inhalation toxicity study in rats, the LOAEL was 52 mg/m3.
In a 2-year inhalation toxicity study in mice, the LOAEL was 52 mg/m3.
Reproductive and developmental toxicity
In a developmental toxicity study in mice, the NOAEL was not established.
In a developmental toxicity study in rats, the NOAEL was not established.
In a developmental toxicity study in rabbits, the NOAEL was 120 mg/kg/day.
Human health effects
Acute symptoms include dark urine, pale face, abdominal pain, fever, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea.
Chronic exposure may cause liver and kidney damage.
Genetic disorders, such as glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency, may increase the risk of hemolytic anemia.
Carcinogenicity
IARC classification: 2B (possibly carcinogenic to humans)
Permissible concentration
ACGIH: TLV-TWA 10 ppm (52 mg/m3)
Provisional tolerable intake
Oral exposure: 0.05 mg/kg/day
Inhalation exposure: 0.93 mg/m3
References
1) O'Neil, M.J. (2001): The Merck Index - An Encyclopedia of Chemicals, Drugs, and Biologicals. 13th Edition.
2) Ambrose D, Lawrenson IJ, and Sprake CHS (1975): The vapour pressure of naphthalene.
3) Hansch, C., A. Leo and D. Hoekman (1995): Exploring QSAR - Hydrophobic, Electronic, and Steric Constants.
4) Yalkowsky, S.H. and R.M. Dannenflelser (1994): Aquasol Database of Aqueous Solubility.
5) US National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health Registry of Toxic Effects of Chemical Substances (RTECS) Database.
6) Battelle's Columbus Laboratories (BCL) (1980) : Unpublished subchronic toxicity study: Naphthalene (C52904), Fischer 344 rats.
7) U.S.EPA (1998): Integrated Risk Information Systems (IRIS). No.0436. Naphthalene.
8) Shopp, G.M., K.L. White, Jr., M.P. Holsapple, D.W. Barnes, S.S. Duke, A.C. Anderson, L.W. Condie, Jr., J.R. Hayes and J.F. Borzelleca (1984): Naphthalene toxicity in CD-1 mice: general toxicology and immunotoxicology.
9) NTP (2000): Toxicology and Carcinogenesis Studies of Naphthalene (CAS No. 91-20-3) in F344/N Rats (Inhalation Studies).
10) NTP (1992): Toxicology and carcinogenesis studies of naphthalene in B6C3F1 mice (inhalation studies).
11) Plasterer, M.R., W.S. Bradshaw, G.M. Booth and M.W. Carter (1985): Developmental toxicity of nine selected compounds following prenatal exposure in the mouse: naphthalene, p-nitrophenol, sodium selenite, dimethyl phthalate, ethylenethiourea, and four glycol ether derivatives.
12) NTP (1991): Final report on the developmental toxicity of naphthalene (CAS no. 91-20-3) in Sprague Dawley (CD) rats on gestational days 6 through 15.
13) NTP (1992): Final report on the developmental toxicity of naphthalene (CAS no. 91-20-3) in New Zealand white rabbits.
14) IPCS (2000): International Chemical Safety Cards. 0667. Naphthalene.
15) Gosselin, R.E., R.P. Smith and H.C. Hodge (1984). Clinical Toxicology of Commercial Products. 5th ed.
16) Gidron, E. and J.Leurer (1956): Naphthalene Pisoning.
17) Sollmann, T.A. (1957): Manual of Pharmacology, 8th ed.
18) Gerarde, H.W. (1960): Toxicology and Biochemistry of Aromatic Hydrocarbons.
19) White, R.P. (1934): The dermatergoses or occupational affections of the skin, giving descriptions of the trade processes, the responsible agents and their actions.
20) Grant, W.M. (1974): Toxicology of the Eye. 2nd.
21) Ghetti, G. and L. Mariani (1956): Eye changes due to naphthalene.
22) IARC (2002): IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of the Carcinogenic Risks to Humans. Vol. 82.
23) ACGIH (2001): Documentation of the Threshold Limit Values and Biological Exposure Indices.