Tendermint.pdf

Tendermint is a consensus protocol that doesn't require mining, addressing issues with proof-of-work mining in cryptocurrencies like Bitcoin, such as high energy expenditure and slow transaction confirmation. It adapts a solution to the Byzantine Generals Problem, assuming partial synchrony and weak timekeeping abilities among participants. The protocol is resilient to up to 1/3 of Byzantine participants and uses a modified DLS protocol. It aims to provide a high level of protection against double-spend attacks without the need for proof-of-work mining. Validators participate in the consensus protocol by broadcasting cryptographic signatures, and a 2/3 majority is required to commit a block. A fork occurs when two blocks at the same height are signed by a 2/3 majority, and evidence of duplicitous signing can be generated to punish guilty validators.