Appendix A - Anthology Of Oxidation State Definitions.pdf

1. 'Chemistry: A Structural View' (1965): Oxidation number is a directed number assigned to atoms to decide if oxidation-reduction is involved in a reaction.
2. 'Chemistry: Principles and Applications' (1974): Conventions for assigning oxidation states include: elements in elementary state have 0, alkali metals +1, alkaline earth metals +2, oxygen -2, and hydrogen +1, with other elements determined by the algebraic sum of oxidation states equaling the net charge.
3. 'Chemical Experience' (1981): Oxidation number concept brings previous definitions together, with increasing numbers indicating oxidation and decreasing numbers indicating reduction.
4. 'Dictionary.com' (2011): Oxidation state is the state of an element or ion regarding electrons gained or lost, expressed as a positive or negative number.
5. 'Chemistry Workbook: Essentials Education' (1996): Oxidation number is the charge an atom would have if electron pairs were transferred completely to atoms with greater electronegativity.
6. 'Chemguide' (2002): Oxidation state shows the total number of electrons removed or added to an element, with oxidation involving an increase and reduction involving a decrease.
7. 'Toward a comprehensive definition of oxidation state' project team (2016): Oxidation state gives the degree of oxidation of an atom in terms of counting electrons.
8. IUPAC (2016): Oxidation state is a numerical attribute of an atom in a compound, aiding descriptive chemistry and tracking key chemistry changes.
9. Wikipedia (2018): Oxidation state describes the degree of oxidation of an atom, conceptually the hypothetical charge if all bonds were 100% ionic.
10. 'Khan Academy' (no date): Oxidation numbers keep track of electrons an atom has, with guidelines for determining oxidation numbers including atoms in elemental state having 0 and atoms in monatomic ions having an oxidation number equal to their charge.