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Civil society engagement with taxation issues has grown significantly over the last two decades, particularly in lower-income countries, with a focus on international aspects of taxation, such as tax havens and illicit financial flows. However, this focus has not been matched by similar efforts at the domestic level, leading to a semi-mature yet lopsided field. A global scan of 171 civil society organizations (CSOs) working on domestic taxation found that most work on both international and domestic tax issues, with a focus on equity and progressivity of domestic tax systems. The top areas of work on domestic taxation include tax expenditures, corporate taxes, and taxes on extractives. CSOs face constraints such as funding, capacity, and an unfavorable enabling environment, as well as a lack of a compelling narrative around the need for a more equitable tax system. The COVID-19 pandemic has created both pressure and opportunity for CSOs in this field, but civil society work on domestic taxation remains fragmented and country-specific, with a lack of a clear shared policy agenda.