IgA Nephropathy.pdf

IgA nephropathy is a type of glomerulonephritis caused by the accumulation of IgA immunoglobulins in the glomerular basement membrane, leading to immune-mediated damage, hematuria, and renal deficiency. The disease is characterized by mesangial proliferation with significant IgG accumulation in the kidney. IgA nephropathy is an immune system disease, and its pathophysiology involves a multi-hit mechanism, with a genetically susceptible host and triggering factors such as infections. The treatment and management of IgA nephropathy involve confirming the diagnosis, renal biopsy, and excluding secondary causes. Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin receptor blockers are used to manage proteinuria and lower blood pressure, while immunosuppression with corticosteroids or steroid-sparing agents is used to reduce the rate of progression. Regular follow-up monitoring of blood pressure, proteinuria, hematuria, eGFR, and medication adherence is crucial. Complications of IgA nephropathy include end-stage renal disease, hypertension, edema, weakness, cardiovascular failure, and pulmonary edema.