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Nivolumab is a fully human IgG4 monoclonal antibody and a programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) immune checkpoint inhibitor. It works by blocking the binding of the PD-1 receptor to the PD-1 and PD-2 ligands, reactivating tumor-specific cytotoxic T-lymphocytes and restimulating anti-tumor immunity. Nivolumab is used to treat various types of cancer, including colorectal, esophageal, gastric, head and neck, liver, lung, lymphoma, melanoma, mesothelioma, renal cell, and urothelial cancer. It has a terminal half-life of 26.7 days and a clearance of 8.66 mL/h. Common side effects include anemia, leukopenia, lymphopenia, neutropenia, thrombocytopenia, hyperthyroidism, hypothyroidism, abdominal pain, colitis, constipation, diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, fatigue, pyrexia, and rash. Immune-mediated adverse events, such as pneumonitis, hepatitis, and nephritis, can also occur. Women of reproductive potential should use effective contraception while on nivolumab, and breastfeeding is not recommended.